موقع جامع لأعمال الدكتور محمد المختار الشنقيطي بعدة لغات موقع جامع لأعمال الدكتور محمد المختار الشنقيطي بعدة لغات
The Constitutional Crisis of Islamic Civilization
مشارق ومغارب
Rapprochement between Sunnīs and Imāmīs during the Crusades
ABSTRACT The Imāmī Shī‘a of Syria stood along with the Sunnīs as one group against the Franks, rather than as followers of different religious traditions. This article traces the rapprochement between the Sunnī and the Imāmī Shī‘a in the face of the Franks. Examples that were invoked to make the point here include the Imāmīs of Tripoli and Aleppo and the Imāmī vizier of the Fatimids, Ṭalā’i‘ Ibn Ruzzayk. Three factors seem to have underlined this sense of unity: doctrinal nearness, geographic proximity, and the political quietism of medieval Imāmism. Saladin’s relations with the Imāmīs are also invoked here. Being …
Read More » DownloadEarly American Perceptions of Muslims
ABSTRACT This paper briefly surveys the early American perceptions of Muslims as reflected in the Barbary-related literature, and follows some of the traces of that past in Today’s American culture. The four themes of traditional European Orientalism can be easily found in the early American literature on Barbary: Islam is portrayed in this literature as the religion of political tyranny, anti-Christian darkness, sensual pleasures, and oppression of women. What is new in this study is the American context in which these themes function. Timothy Marr believes that Islam was used by the early Americans as a “cultural enemy”, an “oppositional …
Read More » DownloadDefensive Jihad: Islamization of the Turks and turkification of Islam
ABSTRACT The defensive Jihad conducted by Turkic people against the Crusades in the twelfth and thirteen centuries had a crucial role in the process of the Islamization of the Turks and the Turkification of Islam. Based on a creative adaptation of James Russell‟s theory of Christianization of the Germanic people and the Germanization of Christianity, this article shows how that the Arabs were the ‘sword of Islam’ during its offensive phase, and when they became exhausted, the Turks emerged to be the „shield of Islam‟. The Frankish invasions gave the Turks a golden opportunity to deepen their presence in Islamic …
Read More » DownloadA Painful Quest for God The Pre-Conversion Moment of Augustine and Al-Ghazali
More than six centuries separate the death of Saint Augustine (354-430) and the birth of Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali (1058-1111). Each of these two ‘giants of the spirit’ professed a different faith, and struggled with different social and political life. Augustine lived in the fourth and fifth-century Carthage, Rome, Milan and Hippo; Al-Ghazali in the eleventh and twelfth-century Baghdad, Damascus, Mecca and Tus. But the readers of the spiritual autobiographies left behind by Augustine and Al-Ghazali will certainly be amazed to find striking similarities that reflect a common struggle with the same existential questions about the paradoxes of the human condition …
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